Teaching Mathematical Problem Solving Math, Technology...

Bottge, B. A., Heinrichs, M., Mehta, Z. D., Rueda, E., Hung, Y. H., Danneker, J. (2004). Teaching Mathematical Problem Solving to Middle School Students in Math, Technology Education, and Special Education Classrooms.RMLE Online: Research in Middle Level Education, 27(1), 1-17. There were two instructional approaches, Enhanced Anchored Instruction (EAI) and text-based instruction (TBI), compared in this study. Both teaching methods were used to teach sixth-grade middle school students how to solve math problems in technology, special education classes and math classrooms.The purpose of this study was to compare the students math achieves in different academic settings regardless of a disability. In conclusion, the results show that the students were able to learn using both instructional approaches.. The text based instruction students did better on the word problem test, while the enhanced anchored instruction students scored high on the video problem test. EAI students were able to use the prior knowledge learned in their math class, to transfer knowledge in the technology class. There were a plethora of weakness or limitations to the finding of the study. The students were not able to be random because of school scheduling. Some scores were not able to be analyzed because of the small groupings. The number of students kept changing due to transfers and absences. A strength the study had was that the technology education teacher was able to use some of the conceptsShow MoreRelatedMath strategies for special education students Essay example1164 Words   |  5 Pages Special education students often lack the necessary mathematical skills needed to be independently successful in the secondary classroom. These students face challenges in applying the basic math skills needed as well as retaining basic math skills from grade level to grade level. Lack of understanding, in addition to causing classroom difficulties, can cause other personal and social dilemmas for the special education students. Lack of motivation, anger, lack of self value, and other di sruptiveRead MoreI Am A Middle School Special Education Teacher1340 Words   |  6 Pagesschool special education teacher in a 1:8 resource classroom. I give specialized math instruction to two sixth grade classes, two seventh grade classes, and two eighth grade classes. The majority of my students perform between a kindergarten and second grade level. The exhibited math achievement gap across my classes is disturbing. Even though my students are identified as special needs, they should have made gains to their ability levels by middle school. Math skills are necessary skills. Math is everywhereRead More Assistive Technology Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesAssistive Technology The use of technology in educating children with special needs has widely grown in the past few decades. Individuals with special needs are unique and all have different areas in which they need assistance. Due to the advancements in assistive technology, computer programs, software, and other technology tools, it has become much easier for people to find useful and easier ways to become educated. Because of this, â€Å"technology has changed the way people with disabilitiesRead MoreTeaching The Flexible Learning Program1690 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review(10) One of the areas that students find most challenging is math. For the past three years I have been teaching The Flexible Learning program, which covers 6th, 7th and 8th grade Mathematics. The curriculum is was created by both the district curriculum staff as well as the federal programs department of the school system. The Flexible Learning Program (FLP) focuses on mathematics for grades 6-8 for students who are at the highest risk academically. The program is supplementalRead MoreActive Learning At The Heart Of Mathematics2582 Words   |  11 Pages(1982) states that problem-solving ability lies â€Å"at the heart of mathematics† (p.73). The report also identifies in Para 243 the importance of offering the opportunity to pupils to engage in problem-solving including the application to everyday situations. This has been further promoted through the importance of the Cross Curricular Skills of the Revised Northern Ireland Curriculum which promotes using mathematics, using com munication and using information and communications technologies (uICT). The curriculumRead More Philosophy Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesto take things too seriously. I admire that and would like to spend my career helping them. My education philosophy: Each of the major philosophical approaches to education has merit. However, to strictly employ only one philosophy is limiting and hampers all possibility for improvement. Essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, and existentialism all contribute valid ideas to the teaching profession. I will choose to use aspects of each in varying degrees as is appropriate to differentRead More Assistive Technology Essay2156 Words   |  9 PagesAssistive Technology The use of technology in educating children with special needs has widely grown in the past few decades, and has since has changed the way people with disabilities live, work, and learn† (Winzer, 2002, p. 98). Individuals with special needs are unique and all have different areas in which they need assistance. Due to the advancements in assistive technology, computer programs, software, and other technology tools, have helped people to find useful and easier ways to becomeRead MoreImportance And Importance Of Mathematics1662 Words   |  7 Pagestechnique. Therefore mathematics means the art of learning related to disciplines or faculties. The National Policy on Education (1986) states Mathematics should be visualized as the vehicle to train a child to think, reason, analyse and to articulate logically. According to Aristotle Mathematics is the study of quantity. In the modern age of science and information technology the knowledge of mathematics is very crucial and useful (Singh 2004). According to Goel (2006), the science of mathematicsRead MoreBreaking Gender Stereotypes Essay2229 Words   |  9 Pageswhy aren’t women choosing these occupations? On one side of the argument is the belief that it is a scientific fact that girls just aren’t as talented at math as boys, and on the other side is the belief that girls are stereotypically pigeonholed into traditional female roles from a young age, eventually affecting their self-efficacy in math-related topics and their choice to pursue jobs in this realm (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Vittorio-Caprara, Pastorelli, 2001; Geist, E., 2010). Maccoby and JacklinRead MoreEssay about Preschool Learning Centers2342 Words   |  10 Pagesabout education that remain with them for the rest of their lives (Kostelnik, Soderman, Whiren, 2011). High quality early childhood education programs and highly effective, passionate teachers or care providers will not only promote young children’s development and academic achievement but will also foster a lifelong passion for learning. ECE programs and educators utilize learning centers to contribute to young children’s acquisition of literacy, numeracy, creative thinking, problem solving, and

Security Issues Facing Air Cargo Industry - 1486 Words

Security Issues Facing Air Cargo Industry Air cargo industry is one of the most important elements in the transportation industry since it is responsible for transporting more than 35 percent of the value of total international trade, which accounts for more than $5.1 trillion. The air cargo industry, which is commonly known as air freight industry assists in capitalizing economic prosperity for nearly every country. The significance of this industry is evident in its role in stimulating business travel for every airline and serve as the leading economic signal for business and financial analysts. The air cargo industry has become important across the globe because of the need for increased connection in a fast-evolving global economy. Despite the significance of the air cargo industry, it has faced several security issues given the increase of security challenges across the globe. Actually, some of these security issues that the air cargo industry faces are attributed to the se curity concerns and issues facing aviation industry. Overview of Air Cargo Industry Air cargo can be described as anything other than individuals or personal baggage that travels by air. Air cargo is regarded as the latest addition to the freight industry unlike other ways of freight transportation like rail, ship, and surface vehicles. The industry was started right after World War I and has developed to become a necessary segment of the world’s global economy. The growth of the company isShow MoreRelatedDelta Airline SWOT1257 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Strategic Issues and Recommendations MGMT 647 May 15th, 2014 Individual Project Table of Contents ` Summary of External and Internal situation of Delta Air Lines Technological advancements, mergers and acquisitions, volatility in crude oil prices, currency depreciation, ground staff management and baggage handling are the major external factors for Delta Air Lines. The Monroe oil refinery purchased by Delta Air Lines provides an opportunityRead MoreThe Changeable Nature of the Air Transport Markets1299 Words   |  6 PagesChangeable Nature of the Air Transport Markets Over the last five years the air transport markets were marked by three main crucial events; the economic recession, the rise in fuel prices and terrorism. All these factors had an enormous effect on the passenger market, which included business (network carriers, business focused carriers, fractional ownership and private charters), the leisure industry (network carriers, scheduled carriers and charter carriers) and the cargo market, which is dividedRead MoreRole Of Customs And Border Protection1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars in losses. In today’s world of terror, port security provided by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) can possibility prevent the next 9/11. In addition, some Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer are now working with different nations across the world to scan and clear cargo and passenger before they even leave for the United States. Additionally, how did the Homeland Security Act of 2002 change the structure of CBP? The Homeland Security Act of 2002 change the structure of Customs andRead MoreOperations of Airlines1671 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The world commercial airline industry is one of the most diverse, dynamic and perplexing in the world † (Globale Airline Industry Program). The airports are exceptionally complex facilities and highly renowned for the variety of services and resources it provides to both the airlines and its users. Airlines and airports are inextricably intertwined together and none of them can survive without the other. The aviation industry is growing at an exponential rate. The demands for an effective and efficientRead MoreThe Air Transportation Stabilization Board928 Words   |  4 Pagesupsetting the national perception of safety within U.S. borders. No industry or sector of the economy felt the impacts of these events more than the airline industry. Both the immediate reaction to the attacks and the long-term repercussions have negatively affected the in dustry. Today’s airline industry is much different than it was prior to September 11. There is a much smaller work force, more low-cost carriers, more security and more fees associated with flying. Directly after the terroristRead MoreLogistics in Aviation Industry2356 Words   |  10 Pagestargets. Air transportation provides critical capabilities for a modern economy. Whether it involves passengers or cargo, the ability to quickly and reliably move valuable resources over great distances improves the quality of life and standard of living of people across the globe. While you may be more familiar with the term â€Å"aviation† than â€Å"logistics,† you observe logistics in action any time you travel or purchase a product. Now days the whole picture of logistics in aviation industry is changedRead MoreIndustrial Attachment3584 Words   |  15 Pages41 3432084 / 254 20 3597855 Fax: +254 41 3432815 Email: mbaops@tradewindskenya.com  /  mbaoffice@tradewindskenya.com Station Manager - William Kimani    4.12 TYPE OF ORGANIZATION The many different organizations in the aviation industry are highly dependent on each other for the provision of various services, and many of these relationships are strategic in that the various organizations help each other to cut costs and ensure that profits are maintained at a high level. Most airlinesRead MoreHow Unionism Has Impacted the Airline Industry in Us4934 Words   |  20 PagesHow unionism has impacted the Airline industry in US Penn State Harrisburg Abstract In the wake of a sizable slump in demand driven by economic downturns, terrorism attacks (especially the events of September 11, 2001) as well as increased competition from low-cost carriers, many incumbent U.S. airlines have been attempting a fundamental restructuring of their operations. Many would argue that a central element in this restructuring should include an overhaul of the labor-management relationshipRead MoreThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century20678 Words   |  83 PagesThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century Peter W Jones Volume 1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE Information Booklet Series III October 2004 GLOBAL THINKING RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................3 AIR JAMAICA AND GOVERNMENT SPENDING..............................................................4 SOCIAL AND LABOUR CONSEQUENCESRead MoreAirline Business Environment in Asia3065 Words   |  13 Pagesenvironment ,it has to face a number of competitions ,challenges ,changing environmental trends and options .To deal with these issues ,SIA pursue a number of management strategies while maintaining it’s key resources and secret of success. This report will analyse the Singapore Airline’s corporate strategy ,business environment ,key resources,key success factors and issues facing by the company. Airline Business environment in Asia-Pacific According to Asia Pacific Aviation Summit in February,2006

Biography of Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn - 681 Words

Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn was the premier artist in 17th century Europe during the great Golden Age of Dutch painting, well known for his Dutch Baroque style of art that lead to his title as one of the greatest painters in history. His incredible brush technique and his masterful appreciation of human nature combined to create a humongous impact on his peers as well as influencing tons of artists of later years.1 He was born on July 15, 1606, in Leiden, Netherlands, a small city located in the Dutch province of South Holland. Rembrandt was born into a large family, the eighth of nine children. His father, Harmen Gerritsz van Rijn, was a miller, and his mother, Neeltgen Willemsd van Zuytbroeck, was the daughter of a baker. Rembrandt studied at Latin school for seven years before enrolling in university in 1620, before leaving after only a few months to become an apprentice to the painter for Jacob Isaacsz van Swanenburgh.2 After working under Jacob Isaacsz van Swanenburgh for th ree years, Rembrandt left for Amsterdam, to work with Pieter Lastman, in 1624. While many artists in the 17th century felt like they needed to travel to Italy to fulfill their artistic training, Rembrandt never left Holland once in his entire life, taking pride in his Dutch nationality.3 Pieter Lastman was one of the most respected experts in historical paintings in all of Holland, as his inspiration in his works came mostly from mythological, historical, and biblical scenes. Like Lastman,Show MoreRelatedRembrandt Van Rijn Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesHovater World History 28 March 2013 Rembrandt van Rijn People consider the Dutch painter and etcher, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, an important figure in Dutch history. He achieved success at a very early age but had personal tragedies and financial hardships in his later years. Many are familiar with Rembrandt’s reputation. Rembrandt’s works show his greatest accomplishments. Mainly his childhood and home life influenced his works. Steadfastly, Rembrandt van Rijn, the greatest Dutch portrait painterRead MoreHistory and Development of Baroque and Rococo and Their Influence Today3097 Words   |  13 Pagessomething that, though we may understand it, we are unable to produce ourselfes.† Dà ¼rer was not the only famous artist during the period. Other famous painter such as, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, and Poussin developed or followed their individual â€Å"new style†. Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (1606-1669), was a Dutch painter who became a famous Baroque painter. He established his reputation as a portrait painter with the picture, â€Å"Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp†(1632), and â€Å"The Night

Coaching On Legal Orientations Coaching Essay - 1412 Words

COACHING ON LEGAL ORIENTATIONS †¢ Coaching on legal orientations The Human Resources department should be thoroughly appraised with the laws and legal issues of the Emirate of Dubai. Here are some of the legal issues which need to be borne in mind: 1. Overtime 2. Attendance and Punctuality 3. Types of Employment 4. Temporary Employment and Appointment of Retirees 5. Appointment of Temporary Employees to Permanent Posts. 6. Appointment of Persons with Outstanding skills 7. Special Contracts 8. Appointment Priority 9. Appointment of Employee whose Service is Terminated. 10. Entitlement of Salary 11. Probation Period 12. Allowance, Bonus and Benefits 13. Authority Responsible for Evaluation of Posts. 14. Updating the Table of Grades and Salaries 15. Minimum Salary of UAE National Employees 16. Employee s Performance Appraisal and Bonuses 17. Performance Based Periodic Salary Increment 18. Special Cash Bonuses 19. Promotions 20. Methods of Promotion 21. Obligations of Employees on Scholarships 22. Utilization of Annual Leave 23. Carrying over the Annual Leave Entitlement 24. Special Leave to Participate in Events 25. Special Leave to Accompany Relatives for Medical Treatment. 26. Unpaid Leave 27. General Provisions Relating to Leave. 28. Annual Air Tickets. 29. Transfer of Employees (National and Expatriate) 30. Medical Insurance Policy 31. Conviction Policy 32. Termination of Services 33. End of Service Gratuity. 34. Functions of Human Resources Department. RELEVANT CASESShow MoreRelated What it takes to become a coach Essay examples1100 Words   |  5 Pages When I think of coaching I think of practice planning, game planning, scouting strategizing of offense and defense, choosing my starters, little things like that. All of those ideas are valid, but that’s not the whole picture. There is a lot more to coaching than planning for a practice or a game. Many times a person who would like to coach an interschool athletic team has little or no preparation to teach sports skills and techniques. The only qualifications is often the person’s participationRead MoreEmployee Training Plan For Employees1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthe department, identifies organization-wide training priorities and sets standards for training design, delivery and evaluation. Employee Training Plan Overview BACKGROUND: The CEO has accepted the suggestions for training for the onboarding/orientation person, approved the new Compensation Manager position, and associated training. In addition, the pay for performance plan is also approved. The CEO plans to establish a another branch location in Germany and plans to bring three mid-managers fromRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Hiring Practices Or Procedures Based On Race, Religion, Marital Status, And1596 Words   |  7 Pages1) This company will not discriminate in hiring practices or procedures based on race, religion, marital status, sexual orientation, age, gender, political affiliation, or country of origin. As long as the applicant is of legal age to work in the country where the job assignment is to be located and that person is abiding by all citizenship laws applicable in that county, then no person should be denied gainful employment based on the categories mentioned in the Code of Ethics posting above. 2)Read MoreEmotional And Emotional Intelligence Assessment1213 Words   |  5 Pagesperformances, individual growth seems to be the alternate path and they manipulate the path organizations benefit. The better employees reach personal goals, the better the company will benefit from them, such as financially. Aiming for better team orientation and letting the staff members have ownership of processes that affect their everyday work life will encourage higher performance and a higher acceptance of the new policies. Having to negotiate and agree with good agreement communication resultRead MorePricewaterhousecoopers : Human Resource Review1346 Words   |  6 PagesResource Review Prepared by: Chunming Liu Instructor: Elaine Lau 2014/12/5 â€Æ' Introduction PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) is a global professional service company that mainly provides assurance service, advisory service, tax planning and legal and financial business. PWC ranked third in Forbes Global Ranking, ranked first in accounting and it is one of the Big Four audit firms. PricewaterhouseCoopers has opened business in over 150 regions in the world and it owns over 184,000 employeesRead MoreUnit 16 - P1M11363 Words   |  6 PagesMorrison’s employees. †¢ Training and coaching - an embedded Independent consultant is leading training in Morrison’s manufacturing and logistics divisions and introducing a new management trainee scheme. In addition, Independent is working with the supermarket chain to measure the impact of its coaching programme on personal performance. The results will be used as a platform to extend coaching throughout the company, with the goal of creating a coaching culture focused on improving performanceRead MoreSelf Disclosure : Qualifications, Credentials, And Experience1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmy certification as an applied sport psychology consultant. I have a Master’s degree in Aeronautical Science (MAS) from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, FL and a Bachelor’s degree in Aviation Management with a minor in Sport Coaching from Auburn University in Auburn, AL. I am an FAA certified and licensed flight instructor with the majority of my experience in high perfo rmance aircraft and gliders. I am also a graduate of Air War College, an Air Force senior leadership schoolRead MoreAssignment 2 PST312M1626 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Minnaar Student number: 4565-391-7 Subject: PST312M – Physical education and sports coaching Semester 1: Assignment 2 Unique number: 527854 Questions 1. Briefly explain the relationship between physical education and sport. (5) 2. Which test is used to evaluate a child’s posture? Explain. (5) 3. Why is knowledge regarding the structure and functioning of the body so important to the physical education teacher and coach? (5) 4. What is integration as it relates to sport? ExplainRead MoreBayer Company : Bayer Group Of Companies2712 Words   |  11 Pagesperson for sales manager position I followed following steps: 1. Created position: firstly, I created position for sales manager to be hired for our New Zealand based branch, stating the answers for why, when and who. 2. Job description: It wasn’t a legal requirement. However, wrote it to get further help while writing employment agreement and then sent the request for approval of the vacancy to the Human resource manager. 3. Advertised: After the approval by the HR manager, the job was advertisedRead MoreEffective Diversity Management Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolves recognizing the worth of differences, promoting inclusiveness and combating or uprooting discrimination. Managers may be challenged with losses in personnel and work productivity because of prejudice and discrimination and complaints and legal actions against the organization (Devoe, 1999). Negative attitudes and behaviors may be barriers to organizational diversity as a result of they will damage working relationships and harm morale and work productivity (Esty, et al., 1995). Negative

Theodore Roethke’s poem, “My Papa’s Waltz” Free Essays

The relationship which is depicted in Theodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is that of a father and son. The poem is â€Å"spoken† by a the son who reminisces about the way his drunken father used to dance with him before bed-time while his mother watched nervously. The opening lines of the poem emphasize the father’s drinking and the fear which accompanied the dancing for the boy: â€Å"The whiskey on your breath/ Could make a small boy dizzy;/ But I hung on like death:/ Such waltzing was not easy† (Roethke). We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The words â€Å"dizzy† and â€Å"death† seem to evoke a sinister sense, one which extends into the following stanza: â€Å"We romped until the pans/ Slid from the kitchen shelf; / My mother’s countenance/ Could not unfrown itself. † (Roethke). The poem moves very quickly from a sense of nostalgia and familial memory, to an urgent sense of violence and sadness. The reader begins to understand that the words â€Å"waltz† and â€Å"romp† are euphemistic and that any dance which knocks pans off the shelf and makes the mother frown must be — not ordinary dancing. In fact, â€Å"dancing† may itself be a euphemism for child-abuse. The next lines make this violent connotation even more clear: â€Å"The hand that held my wrist/Was battered on one knuckle;/At every step you missed/My right ear scraped a buckle. † (Roethke). At this point the poem begins to reveal its obvious duality: at one level it is a poem about the intimacy of fathers and sons, but at another, perhaps, deeper level, it is a poem about child abuse and about the violence which often exists between fathers and sons. The concluding lines: â€Å"You beat time on my head/With a palm caked hard by dirt,/Then waltzed me off to bed/Still clinging to your shirt. (Roethke) fail to produce any sort of closure regarding the tension of violence between the father and son, nor does the poem seem to shed any sense of forgiveness or understanding on behalf of the narrator who speaks the poem much later in life after time has made him, also, a man. The tone of the poem suggest that euphemism replaces true understanding in bad relationships, in abusive relationships. The poem shows no sense of healing or gained wisdom from abuse, but merely the power to endure by the virtue of memory’s capacity to transform the horrible into a ritualistic symbol of the original fear that incited it. How to cite Theodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, Papers

The Problems of Urbanization free essay sample

PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION Urbanization, or urban drift is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration. The United Nations projected that half of the worlds population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i. e. he proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing. urban heat island has become a growing concern and is increasing over the years. The urban heat island is formed when industrial and urban areas are developed and heat becomes more abundant. In rural areas, a large part of the incoming solar energy is used to evaporate water from vegetation and soil. In cities, where less vegetation and exposed soil exists, the majority of the sun’s energy is absorbed by urban structures and asphalt. Hence, during warm daylight hours, less evaporative cooling in cities allows surface temperatures to rise higher than in rural areas. Additional city heat is given off by vehicles and factories, as well as by industrial and domestic heating and cooling units. This effect causes the city to become 2 to 10o F (1 to 6o C) warmer than surrounding landscapes. Impacts also include reducing soil moisture and intensification of carbon dioxide emissions. Urban poverty: Sprawling slums are now so commonly associated with cities like Nairobi that they have become unremarkable. Similarly, footage on television of children playing in open sewers, or of women picking their way through huge rubbish dumps is no longer shocking. Instead these images signify a phenomenon that is rapidly becoming one of developing countries’ most complex challenges – Urban Poverty. World population is increasing rapidly with three-quarters of the increase occurring in developing countries. Population growth within cities, and families moving from rural homes in search of a life offering opportunity and hope, means cities in the developing world grew by 2. 67% per year in 2000-2005, compared to 1. 21% for the world as a whole. Unfortunately, infrastructure and basic service development have not increased at the same rate and in countries where sanitation, roads, water, and other services were already under-developed, towns and cities are struggling to accommodate the unprecedented upsurge in urban populations. The result is hundreds of millions of people living in overcrowded, neglected urban slums that pose serious risks to their lives. Cause and effect Slums symbolise urban poverty. For the families living in them, they create hazardous and unsafe conditions that compound the poverty which forced them to set up home there in the first place. * With lack of freely available safe clean water in the cities, families living in slums have often no choice but to buy it at high cost from vendors. With inadequate sanitation, waste disposal or drainage facilities, open sewers are created by rubbish and human defecation * alongside walkways between the densely packed shelters – disease thrives and people, especially children become ill. * In these conditions simply being ill can have severe implications. It can mean loss of livelihood, leaving families struggling to buy food or water let alone medicines. * With weak ownership rights to the land, residents are vulnerable and cannot build saf e, sturdy homes, so they become easy victims of weather conditions fire and crime. With no voice to change policy decisions or demand essential services, slum dwellers face an enormous challenge in such uncertain and unfair circumstances. * In this environment, with no land, traditional coping mechanisms like relying on extended family or small-holder farming falter. The result is that people’s homes and neighbourhoods become both a cause and an effect of poverty and something that can be extremely difficult to break out of. Recognition of this growing problem culminated in 2000 when the world’s richest governments pledged through the Millennium Development Goals to improve the lives of 100 million slum dwellers by 2020. Urban poverty facts * Cities in the developing world will absorb 95% of the worlds expected population growth between 2000 and 2030. * According to recent estimates there are now over 900 million who people can be classified as slum dwellers. * Based on 2001 estimates, 43% of the urban population in the developing world lives in slums. In the least developed countries, this percentage rises to more than 78%. * If present trends continue, 1. 5 billion people out of 3. 3 billion urban residents will live in sums by the year 2020. Unemployment The rate of unemployment in some urban areas is 17. 5%. The Government does devote a considerable part of its budget to education, and the literacy rate above the age of 15 is 85%, however, there is little foreign investment into the economy due to high crime rates, congested road system, and the shortage of a skilled labor. Within the labor force, where the total is 1,062,100, 41% is involved in services, 22. 5% is involved in agriculture and 19% is involved in industry. Most of the unemployed population within Country can be found in the squatter settlements and ghettos of the inner city. Within these communities, organizations such as Non Governmental organization, are involved in empowerment projects, which have goals of community upliftment. An individual may be classified as living in poverty if he or she earns less than J$38,409. 15 per year. Of the total percentage of people living in poverty, 50. 7% are male and 49. 3% are females. This almost fifty-fifty cut has been the result of women at larger number completing higher levels of education whereas in most counties the females are more disadvantaged than the males. Only 47% of the total percentage of people living below the poverty line is a part of the labor force (ages 15 – 64). There is a high level of inequality in where the wealthiest 20% of the population controls 46% of the national consumption, while the poorest 20% controlled only 5. 3% of the national consumption. Thus the wealthiest 10% consumed more that 12. 5 times of the poorest 10%. Criminal activity With inequalities such as this, it is not too hard to believe that Kingston’s reputation as a place of violence ranks third in the world. Gang violence and shootings occur regularly in inner-city areas of Kingston. Some inner-city neighborhoods are occasionally subject to curfews and police searches. Impromptu street protests sometimes occur, during which demonstrators often construct roadblocks or otherwise block the streets. The Honorable Percival Patterson Prime minist of Jamaica 1992-PresentThe Prime Minister of the Island, The Honorable Percival Patterson, aimed to curb violence with several crime fighting plans. One of these plans includes a â€Å"Crime Stop† operation where the communication with the public and the police is increased. This program rewards persons who inform the police on criminal activity that leads to an arrest. The need to decrease the number of guns smuggled and circulated into the country is also another angle that the authorities seek to deal with the issues of criminal activity in Jamaica. The heightened security with smuggling of weapons from the USA is one way that the Government of Jamaica seeks to curb the influx of weapons, in return for increased efforts to help with drug trafficking in the states. These are a few of the ways that the Ministry of security seeks to end the violence in the countries capital. Congestion Overcrowding is one of the other problems that the urban center faces. With the importation of a high level of Japanese used cars (deportees) that are sold for relatively cheap, the number of cars on the roads greatly contribute to the damage of roadways, and the congestion within the city. The improvement of public transportation is one means of decreasing the high volumes of traffic on the roads. Since a major natural disaster by means of hurricane Gilbert in 1988, Kingston has had its share of flooding and such, but nothing related to the massive earthquakes of the early 1900s. The Urban Poor and Mobility Stress in Nigerian Cities indication of the extent of urban mobility problems in. Nigerian cities can be gleaned from the level or state of transport infrastructure, the deplorable AN ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY SITUATION AMONG NIGERIAN URBAN Key words: Food security, urban households, and Lagos state, Nigeria. ontributing to food problems in Nigeria varies from URBAN POVERTY IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF AGEGE AREA OF LAGOS in an urban area (Ibadan) of Nigeria and to present concrete solution to food and poverty problems in large urban areas. The survey covered three areas, Urban housing affordability and housing policy dilemmas in Nigeria housing affordability problems in Nigeria with about 3 out of every 5 urban households experiencing such difficulties. There are also significant housing IMROVING URBAN LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: THE Despite the existence of these laws and policies, urban land use management problems still persist in Nigeria. Consequently, there is need for a better Intra-urban travel stress in a developing country – Nigeria have examined various aspects of the urban transport problems, hitherto there is no study in the developing country and in Nigeria in particular that WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATIONS Water supply in Nigeria is facing serious challenges driven by rapid population growth, rbanization, budgetary constraints, corruption, and imperatives of Globalization, Urbanization and Municipal Solid Waste Management globalization and situating Africa in the global scene, the urbanization process is Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems and Issues. The arguments against very large cities in Nigeria: A non-western Sada, P. O. : Urbanization Trends an d Problems of Urbanization. Planning for Rural Development in Nigeria: A spatial approach Nigerias Major Urban Centres, Paper Presented for Conference of to tackle the complex nature of rural development problems in Nigeria in an inte- Water Supply Sanitation in Nigeria A. Urban Water Supply Sanitation. †¢. The Large Urban Utility Problem sewerage in urban Nigeria. Regarding solid waste, while there is some level of Thematic Committee 6 8 June 2001 12. Sustainable Urban governance of these complex systems of urbanization that Nigeria has perhaps made problems of poverty and overwhelming demand on urban services. ISSUES IN AND FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC M ANAGEM Contemporary issues in Nigerias Urban Transportation. 3. The demand for and management of urban-transport. 4. Issues and Problems SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA – THE FINANCIAL AND One major serious aspect of urban problem with respect to housing is the poor state Table 1: Distribution of Households by Water Supply in Nigeria Urban Lesson One—Urbanization Lagos, Nigeria. 8. 7. 23. Istanbul, Turkey. 9. 4. 24. Moscow, Russian. Federation Review urban problems solutions from the previous lesson. Activities:

Environmental Design and Industrial Design Integrating Knowledge around Urgent Issues Essay Example For Students

Environmental Design and Industrial Design: Integrating Knowledge around Urgent Issues Essay The connection between environmental design and industrial design is, by now, generally accepted.1 Yet, when one considers the merits of the relationship, it becomes clear that there are certain aspects which require refinement and elaboration. This is particu- larly evident if one considers how disciplinary practices are currently defined within the separate fields. Actually, it is environ mental design which requires further reflection as well as develop ment of its contents, tasks, and methodological tools, and important work in this direction is being undertaken. The position of indus trial design is, instead, better defined, in that it builds from the following cornerstones: We will write a custom essay on Environmental Design and Industrial Design: Integrating Knowledge around Urgent Issues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now †¢ A definition of the discipline formulated in 1961 by Tomis Maldonado; adopted that same year by ICSID, the international Council of Societies of Industrial Design, and still valid in its principal tenets; †¢ The presence at an international level of a specific univer sity education; and †¢ The existence of a profession—that practiced by industrial designers—which has an operational structure, fields of intervention, and well-defined operational methods. Currently, we are witnessing changes in the field of concern of industrial design, in that diverse peripheral topics are gaining more importance, particularly those connected to environmental design. Yet the recognition of these changes does not mean to assert, as some do, that almost everything now falls within the field of industrial design, because such changes mean an irreversible disso lution of those aspects peculiar to the discipline. It would be more productive to transfer to industrial design, with due care, the model of scientific research programs elaborated by Imre Lakatos? The Hungarian-born philosopher of science has proposed a model that bases scientific research programs on two fundamental concepts: those of a hard core and of a protective belt. The hard core consists of those stable elements which are essential to and characterize a program of research. The protective belt of a research program is, instead, more flexible and changeable in that its individual elements are subjected to experimental verifi cation and must clarify their relationship to the hard core. Remaining within this terminology, I would like to stress that, in examining the relationships between environmental design and industrial design, 1 will limit myself to considering only the hard core of industrial design. That is, I will concentrate on indus trial design understood as the design of material products which are the result of industrial production and which are characterized by a plurality of features (formal, functional, performance-oriented, techno-economical, techno-productive, etc.). Turning to environmental design, I believe it is necessary at this point to recall some of the essential characteristics of its sub jectthe concept of environment and to mention some of their operational consequences. 1 The environment is a system. It is, therefore, characterized by the presence of diverse elements—physical, chemical, biological, socio cultural, techno-economic, etc. These elements are tied so closely together that they are very difficult to separate. This system is composed of both objective and measurable elements, such as the concentrations of various pollutants found in the atmosphere, as well as subjective and unmeasurable elements such as values, lifestyle choices, and individual and collective needs. Furthermore, an environment defined in this way can be structured upon the basis of four subsystems—the biosphere, the geosphere, the socios phere, and the technosphere. Such a subdivision is, without doubt, conventional but its use has value in that it renders transparent the historical evolutionary process leading to the systemic notion of environment by making explicit the principal disciplines which have contributed to that process. Even more important is that s uch a subdivision stresses the basic character of environment, which is the indissoluble tie of anthropic (techno- and sociosphere) and nonanthropic (bio- and geosphere) elements. It then becomes super fluous, as well as improper, to qualify the term environment with such adjectives as natural or artificial, or to make a distinction between that which is noxious for human beings and that which is noxious for the environment. In fact, human needs, individual and social human behavior, the diverse forms of social organization, and technological production are constituent parts of the environment rather than independent and external variables. In some ways, the systemic notion of environment is in direct contrast to the notion of nature, notwithstanding the fact that they are considered synony mous, particularly in daily usage. This identification of one for the other is as much arbitrary as misleading. The concept of nature has, since ancient times, always been connected to the idea o f a mono lithic and immutable generative principle, which being outside and above human action has therefore determined it. Such a notion of   nature has little cognitive value in that it refers to an uncontami nated and primordial world which in reality no longer exists, if it ever did. Such an assumption is not at all lacking in actual conse- quences. Whether stated explicitly or not, it forms the ideological base of various movements such as Radical Environmentalism and Deep Ecology. These movements reject in concrete and even violent ways every and any intervention into nature. This rejection is bom of the firm conviction that even the smallest change in the orig inal state of nature cannot but produce irreparable damage. This, however, compromises the mobilization of tools which are indis pensable to plan and guide the inevitable transformation of the environment. The extreme consequences of such thinking would be the renunciation of even those actions directed toward the sav ing of the living elements of the environment. .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .postImageUrl , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:hover , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:visited , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:active { border:0!important; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:active , .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d2d8bd608c4ed08dd6b1babd9f29b8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Environmental Activism Essay2 Another relevant characteristic of the environment is that every problem within the field involves different scales of intervention. Let us consider, for example, a global problem such as the hole in the ozone. By now it can be stated with reasonable scientific certainty that the problem is caused by CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), and that the solution would be the quick substitution of other chem ical products for CFCs. But the characteristics of CFCs have allowed their pervasive use. They are odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, and inert in the lower levels of the atmosphere. They have significant power of thermal insulation, and are highly effective for use in refrigera tion, as a propellant, and as a cleaning agent for microchips and other fine mechanical components. Therefore, it is not enough to forbid the use of CFCs to stop the thinning of the protective ozone layer. It is essential to rethink and redesign those products having to do with refrigeration and conservation, such as those used in the transportation of wholesale foods as well as the heating and cooling systems in buildings. More generally, it is indispensable to rethink our existing lifestyles. This example, however summary, clearly shows the abstract ness and, therefore, the inadequacy of those positions which aspire to deal with global environmental problems solely through the building of complex scenarios, through the establishing of interna tional standards, or through the making of laws and regulations. These are obviously useful and necessary, but the more important game is played out on a more concrete and complex level where design action has greater opportunities for intervention. At this level, the relationships between environmental design, industrial design, and other design disciplines are not at all forced or arbitrary but, rather, they find indisputable justification in the types of problems that must be confronted. 3 The environment is certainly a system characterized by high complexity as much in a mechanistic as a holistic sense. More explicitly, the environment is a highly complex system because: †¢ it is composed of many and different components; †¢ each component has diverse functions within the system; †¢the individual components and functions are both connected and, at times, contradictory; and, †¢ everything cannot be explained in terms of components, functional structures, and reciprocal relationships. Moreover, that the environment would be characterized as a complex system is not only a statement of fact but also a value judg ment. In many regards, complexity is a positive and even auspicious characteristic. This can be illustrated with a few examples. Biolog ical diversity, a relevant part of the complexity of the biosphere, is a concept important enough to be protected by law. Concerning the sociosphere, we have learned from Emile Durkheim that complexity is a feature of an advanced society. In his doctoral thesis in 1893, he differentiated between the forms of aggregation of a mechanic soci ety and an organic one.* The first form, characteristic of primitive societies, possesses a low level of complexity, as the process of socialization presupposes a drastic limitation of the individuals role in favor of cohesion to common, general principles. Emblematic of this are theocratic societies. On the contrary, the organic form of social aggregation typical of advanced societies, emp hasizes the free interaction of individuals and groups, and therefore allows for alarge increase in complexity. Useful for a better determination of the objective of environ mental design can also be the similarity between the characteristics of the environment and of Large Technical Systems (LTS). Large Technical Systems being the term used to designate, for example, systems of transportation, energy, and information. The concept, first introduced in the field of history of technology, has strongly influenced the more innovative trends of contemporary philosophy and sociology of technology. Significant contributions include those of Thomas P. Hughes of the University of Pennsylvania and Renate Mayntz of the Max-Plank-Institut in Koln. The extension of the concept of LTS from the historical analytical field to that of design seems particularly stimulating and promising. In fact, at the core of this theory is the thesis that techno logical innovations are not explainable in technocratic terms, but in systemic terms. Thomas P. Hughes states: Inventions such as the lightbulb, the radio, the airpl ane, and the gas-powered automobile are justified within the context of a technological system. Such systems, according to Hughes, are made up of much more than the so-called hardware, the equipment, machines, and networks of transportation, communication, and information individually connected. They also are made up of human beings and organizations. From our perspective, a conceptual and operational structure which consists of multiple factors (technical, scientific, organizational, and social, among others) and multiple scales (from technical products to networks) is very relevant. .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .postImageUrl , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:hover , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:visited , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:active { border:0!important; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:active , .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7 .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba5ac20f2703cc82a88e37f5ad31d9b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Environmental protection EssayIn the light of what has been said to this point, some ques- tions become more significant. 1. Is it possible through design to confront environmental problems and, ultimately, legitimate and sensible to talk about environmental design, meaning the designing of the environment? 2. If the response to the first question is yes, what role can environmental design and industrial design play in this context? 3. How will industrial design change if, in the design of prod- ucts environmental factors will have to be considered? 4. Does environmental design exist only as a more or less structured research sector, or rather as a real and legitimate discipline precisely located in the academic panorama, or does it also define a new profession? 5. If it is legitimate to recognize professional tasks for environ- mental design, what are its referents, and, finally but not less important, should new operational and design meth- ods be developed specifically for this new profession or should those already codified be reconsidered. In addition, the real meaning of the term design could be discussed at length, although this is not the point at which to develop such an important topic. We must be satisfied at this point with an extremely synthetic but workable definition in which the design process is seen as a two-way relationship between a reality to design (in our case the environment) and its model. The first phase of the process consists of the analysis, individuation, and delimiting of design problems. In this phase, one moves through a process of abstraction and formalization, from reality to a model which represents reality in a way coherent with the design objec tives, methods, and techniques. The second phase consists of plan ning and implementation of design interventions By working through simulations on the model and through directed actions built on specific, defined factors, this phase leads to a controlled modification of reality and to a solution to the problem. In both these phases, simplicity p lays a primary role. As every designer knows, the tools to formalize reality, the model, the simulation, and the interventions on reality must be as simple as possible. There exists an apparently unsolvable contradiction between the complexity of the environment regarded as system and the simplicity intrinsic to the design process. To confront this prob lem, the distinction between ontological and semiotic complexity introduced by Mario Bunge proves very interesting.4 Seen in these terms, a distinction lies between the complexity of the environment and the complexity of the models, the theories, and the method ological tools used in the design of the environment. The reduction of the ontological complexity is as much impossible as illegitimate, and the simplification of the semiotic complexity is, instead, not only sensible but also indispensable. Some disciplines already offer, if only partially, useful contri butions to this notion. For example, systems research has developed form al methods to simplify the so-called large-scale systems. Similar procedures can and must be initiated for the design of complex systems which cannot be completely formalized, such as the envi ronment. In fact, intrinsic to design action is the determination of the limits of individual design problems and the choosing of those aspects to analyze and design. Put in other words, the determina tion of priorities and hierarchies is a fundamental characteristic of the design process. In this sense, we can talk about the relative complexity of the environment, meaning by this that the real level of complexity depends on the individual environmental problem considered, on the objectives and on the design methods. Pertinent to this is the example adopted by Ross W. Ashby: The brain has a very high complexity for a neurophysiologist. The same brain can be described by a butcher, who has to distinguish it from about thirty other cuts of meat, with not more than five bits.